PL/SQL

• PL/SQL stands for Procedural Language extension of  SQL.
• PL/SQL is a combination of SQL along with the procedural features of programming languages.
• It was developed by Oracle Corporation in the early 90’s to enhance the capabilities of SQL.
• The PL/SQL Engine:
• Oracle uses a PL/SQL engine to processes the PL/SQL statements.
• A PL/SQL code can be stored in the client system (client-side) or in the database (server-side).

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Java

• Java is a programming language expressly designed for use in the distributed environment of the Internet. 
• It was designed to have the "look and feel" of the C++ language, but it is simpler to use than C++ and enforces an object-oriented programming model. 
• Java can be used to create complete applications that may run on a single computer or be distributed among servers and clients in a network. 
• It can also be used to build a small application module or applet for use as part of a Web page. 
• Applets make it possible for a Web page user to interact with the page.

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Common Type System

• In order to communicate smoothly with two language in CLR has CTS (Common Type System).
• Example 
• in VB you have “Integer” and in C++ you have “long” these data types are not compatible so the interfacing between them is very complicated. 
• In order to able that two different languages the.NET Framework communicate Microsoft introduced Common Type System. 
• So “Integer” data type in VB6 and“int” data type in C++ will convert it to System.int32 which is data type of CTS. 

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Responsibilities of CLR

•  Garbage Collection :- 
• CLR automatically manages memory thus eliminating memory leaks. 
• When objects are not referred GC automatically releases those memories thus providing efficient memory management.
•  Code Access Security :- 
• CAS grants rights to program depending on the security configuration of the machine. 
• Example the program has rights to edit or create a new file but the security configuration of machine does not allow the program to delete a file. 
• CAS will take care that the code runs under the environment of machines security configuration.
•  Code Verification :- 
• This ensures proper code execution and type safety while the code runs. 
• It prevents the source code to perform illegal operation such as accessing invalid memory locations etc.
•  IL( Intermediate language )
• CLR uses JIT and compiles the IL code to machine code and then executes. 
• CLR also determines depending on platform what is optimized way of running the IL code.

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Common Language Runtime

• Full form of CLR is Common Language Runtime
• it forms the heart of the .NET framework.
• All Languages have runtime and its the responsibility of the runtime to take care of the code execution of the program. 
• For example 

• VC++ has MSCRT40.DLL,
• VB6 has MSVBVM60.DLL,
• Java has Java Virtual Machine etc. 
• Similarly .NET has CLR. 

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Intermediate Language

• (IL)Intermediate Language is also known as MSIL (Microsoft Intermediate Language) or CIL (Common Intermediate Language). 
• All .NET source code is compiled to IL. 
• This IL is then converted to machine code at the point where the software is installed, or at run-time by a Just-In-Time (JIT) compiler.

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Different versions of .net framwork

the different versions of .net framework are

• .net framework 1.0
• .net framework 1.1
• .net framework 2.0
• .net framework 3.0
• .net framework 3.5

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.net framework

1. .net or .net framwork is a computer environment for developers to develop , run and deploy the following application 

• console applicaiton
• window form applicaitons
• windows presnetation foundation applicaiotns
• web application using asp.net
• web services 
• windows services
• service oriented application using windows communication foundation
• work flow enabled applications using windows workflow foundation

    2. .net enables creation of sharable components used in distrubuted computing architecture
    3.  .net framwork supports the object oriented programming model for mutliple languages, such as vb,   visual c++ and visual c#

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