PL/SQL

• PL/SQL stands for Procedural Language extension of  SQL.
• PL/SQL is a combination of SQL along with the procedural features of programming languages.
• It was developed by Oracle Corporation in the early 90’s to enhance the capabilities of SQL.
• The PL/SQL Engine:
• Oracle uses a PL/SQL engine to processes the PL/SQL statements.
• A PL/SQL code can be stored in the client system (client-side) or in the database (server-side).

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Java

• Java is a programming language expressly designed for use in the distributed environment of the Internet. 
• It was designed to have the "look and feel" of the C++ language, but it is simpler to use than C++ and enforces an object-oriented programming model. 
• Java can be used to create complete applications that may run on a single computer or be distributed among servers and clients in a network. 
• It can also be used to build a small application module or applet for use as part of a Web page. 
• Applets make it possible for a Web page user to interact with the page.

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Common Type System

• In order to communicate smoothly with two language in CLR has CTS (Common Type System).
• Example 
• in VB you have “Integer” and in C++ you have “long” these data types are not compatible so the interfacing between them is very complicated. 
• In order to able that two different languages the.NET Framework communicate Microsoft introduced Common Type System. 
• So “Integer” data type in VB6 and“int” data type in C++ will convert it to System.int32 which is data type of CTS. 

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Responsibilities of CLR

•  Garbage Collection :- 
• CLR automatically manages memory thus eliminating memory leaks. 
• When objects are not referred GC automatically releases those memories thus providing efficient memory management.
•  Code Access Security :- 
• CAS grants rights to program depending on the security configuration of the machine. 
• Example the program has rights to edit or create a new file but the security configuration of machine does not allow the program to delete a file. 
• CAS will take care that the code runs under the environment of machines security configuration.
•  Code Verification :- 
• This ensures proper code execution and type safety while the code runs. 
• It prevents the source code to perform illegal operation such as accessing invalid memory locations etc.
•  IL( Intermediate language )
• CLR uses JIT and compiles the IL code to machine code and then executes. 
• CLR also determines depending on platform what is optimized way of running the IL code.

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Common Language Runtime

• Full form of CLR is Common Language Runtime
• it forms the heart of the .NET framework.
• All Languages have runtime and its the responsibility of the runtime to take care of the code execution of the program. 
• For example 

• VC++ has MSCRT40.DLL,
• VB6 has MSVBVM60.DLL,
• Java has Java Virtual Machine etc. 
• Similarly .NET has CLR. 

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Intermediate Language

• (IL)Intermediate Language is also known as MSIL (Microsoft Intermediate Language) or CIL (Common Intermediate Language). 
• All .NET source code is compiled to IL. 
• This IL is then converted to machine code at the point where the software is installed, or at run-time by a Just-In-Time (JIT) compiler.

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Different versions of .net framwork

the different versions of .net framework are

• .net framework 1.0
• .net framework 1.1
• .net framework 2.0
• .net framework 3.0
• .net framework 3.5

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